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Salts
A salt is a compound formed when the acidic hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions. There are a number of ways of making salts from acids:
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ACID + METAL ⇒ SALT + HYDROGEN |
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ACID + BASE ⇒ SALT + WATER |
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ACID + CARBONATE ⇒ SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE |
The salts of the common acids should sound familiar:
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Hydrochloric acid forms chlorides, eg. sodium chloride (table salt) Sulfuric acid forms sulfates eg. copper(II) sulfate (blue crystals) Nitric acid forms nitrates eg. potassium nitrate (used for gunpowder) Phosphoric acid forms phosphates eg. calcium phosphate (used in some fertilizers) |
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