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This experiment provides another opportunity for data logging, but the manual method can provide some excellent graphs. The large jump in pH often comes as a great surprise to students and it allows the discussion of the logarithmic nature of the pH scale to be discussed.
It is important to standardise the ammonia solution immediately before the experiment. If it has stood for any length of time it has usually lost ammonia leading to poor equivalence points on the student graphs.
Materials:
| 1M hydrochloric acid (50 cm3) | 1 M ethanoic acid (50 cm3) |
| 1 M sodium hydroxide solution (75 cm3) | 1 M ammonia solution (75 cm3) |
| Full range indicator (few drops) | |
| 100 cm3 beaker | 50 cm3 burette (2) |
| Magnetic stirrer and follower | pH meter (standardised) |