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Compound I
This is a colourless liquid which effervesces readily on addition to sodium carbonate solution. A sample was warmed with sodium hydroxide solution and ethanol for a few minutes. The product was acidified and silver nitrate solution was added. A white precipitate was formed which dissolved in dilute ammonia solution.
Effervescence with sodium carbonate solution is an indication of a carboxylic acid. The white precipitate with silver nitrate suggests a chloride and this is confirmed by the solubility in dilute ammonia solution. The chloride ion must have been freed by the reaction with sodium hydroxide solution. This shows that compound I must have contained a chloroalkane group.
Answer: carboxylic acid and chloroalkane.
More than one functional group present in the molecule may produce confusing results.
