Example 1 (Inorganic) answer

The reaction with silver nitrate solution is a test for halide anions. The pale yellow precipitate shows that this is an iodide. This could have been further confirmed by checking that the precipitate was insoluble in ammonia solution.

The final reaction confirms the presence of the iodide ion. This has been oxidized to grey-black iodine solid by the concentrated sulfuric acid. The steamy fumes are hydrogen iodide gas. You can see this reaction here.

Conclusion: the sample was sodium iodide.